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Quantitative Analysis Related Scholarly Compositions

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Hedge Funds Investing: A Quantitative Look Inside the Black Box
by François-Serge Lhabitant
August 2001

Abstract
There is an increasing amount of evidence that shows the benefits of considering hedge funds as an asset class at the strategic asset allocation level. The investors’ greatest challenge remains the identification of desirable investment vehicles, since very little formal quantitative analysis of hedge funds has been done in the past. In this paper, we suggest an innovative approach to hedge fund investing, which is valid at the individual fund level as well as at the aggregate portfolio level (e.g. portfolio of hedge funds)...

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Quantitative Analysis of Hedge Fund and Managed Futures Return and Risk Characteristics
by Thomas Schneeweis & Richard Spurgin
University of Massachusetts & Clark University

Abstract
Recent research has shown that, for stock and bond mutual fund investors, multi-factor models often provide improved explanatory power regarding the return structure of these investment vehicles. While the sources of return to actively managed assets in the mutual fund industry have been extensively studied, little research exists on the factors explaining the performance of managed futures investment or hedge funds. Hedge funds and commodity trading advisors have different trading styles and trading opportunities than traditional stock and bond mutual fund managers...

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A Quantitative Analysis of Hedge Fund Style and Performance
by Claus Bang, Christiansen Peter, Brink Madsen, & Michael Christensen
Aarhus School of Business

Abstract
In this analysis we identify dynamic hedge fund strategies quantitatively pursuing a Principal Component Analysis following Fung & Hsieh (1997). We extract five
dominant hedge fund strategies each representing similar investment styles and analyse the performance of each strategy by employing a multi-factor model comprising both market indices and passive option strategies along the lines of Agerwal & Naik (2000). We find that that such passive option strategies play an important role in explaining hedge fund returns...

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Quantitative Selection of Long-Short Hedge Funds
by Kaifeng Chen & Alexander Passow
University of Lausanne, GOTTEX, and FAME
July, 2003

Abstract
We develop a quantitative model to select hedge funds in the long-short equity sector. The selection strategy is verified on a survivorship-bias-free hedge fund database, from January 1990 to September 2002. We focus on the hedge funds acting exclusively in the U.S. market. We identify Fama-French factors and GSCI as the risk factors. Based on the evidence that many hedge funds do not exhibit persistent performance, we believe that persistent alpha is not generated based on publicly available information and opportunistic changes of exposure with respect to the risk factors. Instead we expect moderate exposure funds to be those who establish investment decisions based on special information or proprietary research. A hedge fund selection strategy is introduced and checked with out-of-sample data. A simulation of hedge funds from 1927 to 2002 is conducted. The funds selected according to our strategy demonstrate superior performance persistently.

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HEDGE FUND RISK AND OTHER DISCLOSURES

Hedge funds, including fund of funds (“Hedge Funds”), are unregistered private investment partnerships, funds or pools that may invest and trade in many different markets, strategies and instruments (including securities, non-securities and derivatives) and are NOT subject to the same regulatory requirements as mutual funds, including mutual fund requirements to provide certain periodic and standardized pricing and valuation information to investors. There are substantial risks in investing in Hedge Funds. Persons interested in investing in Hedge Funds should carefully note the following:

Hedge Funds represent speculative investments and involve a high degree of risk. An investor could lose all or a substantial portion of his/her investment. Investors must have the financial ability, sophistication/experience and willingness to bear the risks of an investment in a Hedge Fund.
An investment in a Hedge Fund should be discretionary capital set aside strictly for speculative purposes.
An investment in a Hedge Fund is not suitable or desirable for all investors. Only qualified eligible investors may invest in Hedge Funds.
Hedge Fund offering documents are not reviewed or approved by federal or state regulators
Hedge Funds may be leveraged (including highly leveraged) and a Hedge Fund’s performance may be volatile
An investment in a Hedge Fund may be illiquid and there may be significant restrictions on transferring interests in a Hedge Fund. There is no secondary market for an investor’s investment in a Hedge Fund and none is expected to develop.
A Hedge Fund may have little or no operating history or performance and may use hypothetical or pro forma performance which may not reflect actual trading done by the manager or advisor and should be reviewed carefully. Investors should not place undue reliance on hypothetical or pro forma performance.
A Hedge Fund’s manager or advisor has total trading authority over the Hedge Fund.
A Hedge Fund may use a single advisor or employ a single strategy, which could mean a lack of diversification and higher risk.
A Hedge Fund (for example, a fund of funds) and its managers or advisors may rely on the trading expertise and experience of third-party managers or advisors, the identity of which may not be disclosed to investors
A Hedge Fund may involve a complex tax structure, which should be reviewed carefully.
A Hedge Fund may involve structures or strategies that may cause delays in important tax information being sent to investors.
A Hedge Fund may provide no transparency regarding its underlying investments (including sub-funds in a fund of funds structure) to investors. If this is the case, there will be no way for an investor to monitor the specific investments made by the Hedge Fund or, in a fund of funds structure, to know whether the sub-fund investments are consistent with the Hedge Fund’s investment strategy or risk levels.
A Hedge Fund may execute a substantial portion of trades on foreign exchanges or over-the-counter markets, which could mean higher risk.
A Hedge Fund’s fees and expenses-which may be substantial regardless of any positive return- will offset the Hedge Fund’s trading profits. In a fund of funds or similar structure, fees are generally charged at the fund as well as the sub-fund levels; therefore fees charged investors will be higher that those charged if the investor invested directly in the sub-fund(s).
Hedge Funds are not required to provide periodic pricing or valuation information to investors.
Hedge Funds and their managers/advisors may be subject to various conflicts of interest.

The above general summary is not a complete list of the risks and other important disclosures involved in investing in Hedge Funds and, with respect to any particular Hedge Fund, is subject to the more complete and specific disclosures contained in such Hedge Fund’s respective offering documents. Before making any investment, an investor should thoroughly review a Hedge Fund’s offering documents with the investor’s financial, legal and tax advisor to determine whether an investment in the Hedge Fund is suitable for the investor in light of the investor’s investment objectives, financial circumstances and tax situation.

All performance information is believed to be net of applicable fees unless otherwise specifically noted. No representation is made that any fund will or is likely to achieve its objectives or that any investor will or is likely to achieve results comparable to those shown or will make any profit at all or will be able to avoid incurring substantial losses. Past performance is not necessarily indicative, and is no guarantee, of future results.

The information on the Site is intended for informational, educational and research purposes only. Nothing on this Site is intended to be, nor should it be construed or used as, financial, legal, tax or investment advice, be an opinion of the appropriateness or suitability of an investment, or intended to be an offer, or the solicitation of any offer, to buy or sell any security or an endorsement or inducement to invest with any fund or fund manager. No such offer or solicitation may be made prior to the delivery of appropriate offering documents to qualified investors. Before making any investment, you should thoroughly review the particular fund’s confidential offering documents with your financial, legal and tax advisor and conduct such due diligence as you (and they) deem appropriate. We do not provide investment advice and no information or material on the Site is to be relied upon for the purpose of making investment or other decisions. Accordingly, we assume no responsibility or liability for a ny investment decisions or advice, treatment, or services rendered by any investor or any person or entity mentioned, featured on or linked to the Site.

The information on this Site is as of the date(s) indicated, is not a complete description of any fund, and is subject to the more complete disclosures and terms and conditions contained in a particular fund's offering documents, which may be obtained directly from the fund. Certain of the information, including investment returns, valuations, fund targets and strategies, has been supplied by the funds or their agents, and other third parties, and although believed to be reliable, has not been independently verified and its completeness and accuracy cannot be guaranteed. No warranty, express or implied, representation or guarantee is made as to the accuracy, validity, timeliness, completeness or suitability of this information.

Any indices and other financial benchmarks shown are provided for illustrative purposes only, are unmanaged, reflect reinvestment of income and dividends and do not reflect the impact of advisory fees. Investors cannot invest directly in an index. Comparisons to indexes have limitations because indexes have volatility and other material characteristics that may differ from a particular hedge fund. For example, a hedge fund may typically hold substantially fewer securities than are contained in an index. Indices also may contain securities or types of securities that are not comparable to those traded by a hedge fund. Therefore, a hedge fund’s performance may differ substantially from the performance of an index. Because of these differences, indexes should not be relied upon as an accurate measure of comparison.